Solving ethical dilemma free essay sample

Alice, a manager at Shore Manufacturing’s plants, faces a dilemma. Her boss told her in the strictest confidence that the company will have to make workers redundant and the rumour is circulating round the plant. Her old school friend, who now works for her, asks her â€Å"Am I going to lose my job? † This essay will examine this ethical dilemma, evaluating and highlighting the process for moral decision making with the significant ethical theories. Through the process for solving the ethical problem, she may ensure that her decision is ethical and fair. An ethical dilemma may be defined as a problem situation in which there can be less immoral choices, but â€Å"there is no obvious right or wrong† (Ferrell, Fraedrich Ferrell, 2011, p. 64). Alice is in an ethical dilemma because her decision may conflict with her moral values whether or not she tells her friend about the redundancies. Then how could she morally choose the right decision in her way? To solve the ethical dilemma faced her, she could utilise the six step process, which is called an ethical decision making progress. We will write a custom essay sample on Solving ethical dilemma or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She firstly identifies the ethical issues involved, defines the problem she has. Secondly she identifies alternatives from a variety point of view, listing the options she could choose. For the next step, she considers the available moral imagination-Alice should perceive her moral issues of both company and her friend, through using the ethical theories. Next, she should consider how a decision affects stakeholders about the effects from her decision making. Now, make a decision. For the last step, she monitors, learns and reflects on the decision making (Weiss, 2003). Ethical theories and principles bring significant help to the decision making, so Alice needs to consider several ethical theories to make a decision. The first ethical theory that she could consider, is known as egoism. It can be explained that the results, consequences determined the rightness of an action (Shaw, Barry Sansbury, 2009). The term ‘ego’ means the unique identity of the individual human self. This theory pursues the better consequences as a person enhances one’s welfare and benefits, not for their society or others (Hartman Desjardins, 2008). It means egoism concerns with one’s desires and getting what one want. â€Å"What is right for you may be wrong for me? † (Weiss, 2003, p. 78) Only individual’s values suggest directions for his or her actions on the theory. If Alice tells her friend about the redundancies, she may face being fired from the company or she may have disadvantages in a way. This gives her the bad consequences. Nevertheless, if she does not tell her friend, and the relationship between Alice and her friend breaks, then that situation also can be a bad result for her. The decision on the theory may not be accurate, or not be defined as right or wrong, because a person may decide things by what I perceive as ‘fact’ (Weiss, 2003). Alice may conflicts with herself and others’ beliefs. Like egoism, utilitarianism is based on consequences, but concerned with the greatest total amount of everyone’s happiness (Shaw, Barry Sansbury, 2009). The right or wrong actions themselves are not really significant, but their consequences for everyone are important rather than my good and benefits. This word, utilitarianism, was invented by Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832), and the theory was refined by John Stuart Mill (1806-1873). According to the theory, an action is morally right, if it produces the good results in the greatest good, for the greatest number of people affected by it (Ghillyer, 2010). In the situation seen in the case study, Alice would ‘follow’ the company’s policy or plan, as not telling the truth over her friend’s happiness, if the assumption is made that she chooses to base on the utilitarianism, for the greater good of the company and its people. The decision would give advantages to the remaining people at Shore Manufacturing’s plants, but the 200 workers who have faced the redundancy. In this case, she could secure her job as well. This concept, utilitarianism is often used by organisations or business professionals, even government policy makers on the greatest good in the real world (Weiss, 2003). Unlike utilitarianism, Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) argued â€Å"universalism that holds that the means justify the ends of an action, not the consequences†. It is called as Kant’s theory or deontology. The theory focuses on the right actions with a particular behaviour rather than on its consequences (Shaw, Barry Sansbury, 2009). By this theory, there are some things that we should not do because the actions may be defined as ‘bad’ (Ferrell, Fraedrich Ferrell, 2011). This theory is based on universal principles; justice, rights, fairness and so on (Weiss, 2003). It tells that our actions are from duty and obligation with moral worth. So whether she does tell her friend or not tell, her action can be judged as the ‘right’ or ‘bad’ action as the action itself, not by the results. At this point of view, she is may forced not telling about redundancies because she may think that is company’s policy and her duty. The decision would be based on justice and fairness. Another theory, virtue ethics treats people’s action and choices through their virtue. As Plato and Aristotle believe that â€Å"all human beings aim at being happiness† (Werhane Freeman, 1997, p. 647), happiness is the ‘end’ of human action in virtue ethics. A person’s performing the act which is connected with virtue determines that the action is ethically good or bad (Shaw, Barry Sansbury, 2009). Alice could make a decision upon her own values and so she would have the moral responsibility. The development of process gives people the moral responsibility of individuals. The theory is on the basis of the quality of the person. The most important thing in ethics and social relationships are not in the actions on the theory. An action is judged by the virtuousness of a person rather than the results or justice (Shaw, Barry Sansbury, 2009). The virtue ethics gives us a question, â€Å"what sort of person do I want to become and how do I go about becoming that person? The last theory is an ethic of care. This theory emphasizes the significance of the relationships. It approaches â€Å"argues that since we are interdependent upon others for our individual identity and well-being we have a moral obligation to consider the needs, desires, values and well-being of those with whom we have special, close or concrete relationships† (Shaw, Barry Sansbury, 2009, p. 93). At this point of view, Alice may care her friend, as she may be close to her friend, having a moral duty as a friend. Those theories may help to build Alice’s morality which is her moral judgement. The concept of the term moral judgement which is an ethical judgement of values that may be cognition decided good or bad and right or wrong. Actually, in human society, there is a socially accepted idea that ethics is equal to rationality, so that moral judgement should be logical, should be based on facts. Alice could prioritize what she really cares about in this case by her logical value. However, there is also another idea. As Joshua Greene published in 2001, the results of his study, that the intuitive emotion is more affected than rationality to make ethical actions, in an ethical dilemma situation (Jo, 2011). This could make Alice’s decision totally different. The different way to judge moral decision would bring different process and consequences, depending on Alice’s value or feelings. Alice would morally judge her situation using those theories. Egoism and utilitarianism are consequential theories that refer to that the outcomes are the most importance. However, there is a big difference, egoism pursued my benefits and utilitarianism aims to the greatest mount of people’s benefit and their happiness. Kant’s ethics, virtue theory and ethic of care are non-consequential theories. Kant’s ethics focuses on the right action rather than its consequences. The action may be occurred by justice and rights by the theory. On virtue theory, the action is determined by one’s virtues. Ethic of care is concerned with the dependent sides, the social relationships. Through the study of the case †The Layoff† and those several theories, Alice would make a better choice, but the better choice may not be judged as a right or wrong answer. The six step process would be used to analyse her situation and the ethical dilemma.

Tensions and Conflict on the Korean Peninsula

Tensions and Conflict on the Korean Peninsula The Korean Peninsula is a region located in Eastern Asia extending south from the Asian continent for about 683 miles (1,100 km). Today, it is politically divided into North Korea and South Korea. North Korea is located on the northern part of the peninsula, and it extends from China south to the 38th parallel of latitude. South Korea then extends from that area and encompasses the rest of the Korean Peninsula. The Korean Peninsula was in the news for much of 2010, and especially toward the end of the year, because of growing conflicts between the two nations. Conflict on the Korean Peninsula is not new however as North and South Korea have long had tensions with one another that dates back before the Korean War, which ended in 1953. History of the Korean Peninsula Historically, the Korean Peninsula was occupied by only Korea, and it was ruled by several different dynasties, as well as the Japanese and the Chinese. From 1910 to 1945 for example, Korea was controlled by the Japanese, and it was mostly controlled from Tokyo as a part of the Empire of Japan. Toward the end of World War II, the Soviet Union (USSR) declared war on Japan, and by August 10, 1945, it occupied the northern part of the Korean Peninsula. At the end of the war, Korea was then divided into northern and southern portions at the 38th parallel by the Allies at the Potsdam Conference. The United States was to administer the southern part, while the USSR administered the northern area.This division started the conflicts between the two areas of Korea because the northern region followed the USSR and became communist, while the south opposed this form of government and formed a strong anti-communist, capitalist government. As a result, in July of 1948, the anti-communist southern region drafted a constitution and began to hold national elections which were subjected to terrorism. However, on August 15, 1948, the Republic of Korea (South Korea) was officially founded, and Syngman Rhee was elected as president. Shortly after that, the USSR established a Communist North Ko rean Government called the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (North Korea) with Kim Il-Sung as its leader. Once the two Koreas were formally established, Rhee and Il-Sung worked to reunify Korea. This caused conflicts though because each wanted to unify the area under their own political system and rival governments were established. Also, North Korea was heavily supported by the USSR and China and fighting along the border of North and South Korea was not uncommon. The Korean War By 1950, the conflicts on the border of North and South Korea led to the beginning of the Korean War. On June 25, 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea and almost immediately the United Nations member states began to send aid to South Korea. North Korea was, however, able to quickly advance south by September 1950. By October though, U.N. forces were able to move the fighting north again and on October 19, North Koreas capital, Pyongyang was taken. In November, Chinese forces joined North Korean forces and the fighting was then moved back south and in January 1951, South Koreas capital, Seoul was taken. In the months that followed, heavy fighting ensued, but the center of the conflict was near the 38th parallel. Although peace negotiations began in July of 1951, fighting continued throughout 1951 and 1952. On July 27, 1953, peace negotiations ended, and the Demilitarized Zone was formed. Shortly after that, an Armistice Agreement was signed by the Korean Peoples Army, the Chinese Peoples Volunteers and the United Nations Command, which was led by the U.S. South Korea however, never signed the agreement, and to this day an official peace treaty has never been signed between North and South Korea.   Todays Tensions Since the end of the Korean War, tensions between North and South Korea have remained. For example according to CNN, in 1968, North Korea unsuccessfully attempted to assassinate South Koreas president. In 1983, a bombing in Myanmar that was linked to North Korea  killed 17 South Korean officials, and in 1987, North Korea was accused of bombing a South Korean airplane. Fighting has also repeatedly occurred both land and sea borders because each nation is continually trying to unify the peninsula with its own system of government.In 2010, tensions between North and South Korea were especially high after a South Korean warship was sunk on March 26. South Korea claims that North Korea sunk the Cheonan in the Yellow Sea off the South Korean island of Baengnyeong. North Korea denied responsibility for the attack and tensions between the two nations have been high ever since. Most recently on November 23, 2010, North Korea launched an artillery attack on the South Korean island of Yeonpyeong. North Korea claims that South Korea was conducting war maneuvers, but South Korea states that it was conducting maritime military drills. Yeonpyeong was also attacked in January 2009. It is located near a maritime border between the countries that North Korea wants moved south. Since the attacks, South Korea began practicing military drills in early December.To learn more about the historic conflict on the Korean Peninsula and the Korean War, visit this  page on the Korean War as well as North Korea and South Korea Facts from this site. Sources CNN Wire Staff. (23 November 2010). Korean Tension: A Look at the Conflict - CNN.com. Infoplease.com. (n.d.). Korean War - Infoplease.com. United States Department of State. (10 December 2010). South Korea.

Comparison of Private and Public Schools

Comparison of Private and Public Schools Are you someone who is considering whether or not private schools are better than public schools? Many families want to know more about the differences and similarities between private and public schools, and weve outlined several of the differences and similarities for you here. Whats Taught Public schools must adhere to state standards regarding what can be taught and how it is presented. Certain subjects such as religion and sexual practices are taboo. Rulings in many court cases over the years have determined the scope and limits of what can be taught and how it is presented in public school. By contrast, a private school can teach whatever it likes and present it in any way it chooses. Thats because parents choose to send their children to a specific school which has a program and educational philosophy with which they are comfortable. That doesnt mean that private schools run wild and dont provide a quality education; they still undergo rigorous accreditation processes regularly to ensure that they are providing the best educational experience possible. However, there is a similarity. As a rule, both public and private high schools require a certain number of credits in core subjects such as English, mathematics, and science in order to graduate. Admission Standards While public schools must accept all students within their jurisdiction with few exceptions. Behavior is one of those exceptions  and really bad behavior which must be well-documented over time. A private school, on the other hand, accepts any student it wishes to according to its academic and other standards. It is not required to give a reason why it has refused to admit anyone. Its decision is final. Both private and public schools use some kind of testing and review transcripts to determine the grade level for new students. Accountability Public schools must comply with a host of federal, state and local laws and regulations including No Child Left Behind, Title I, etc. The number of regulations with which a public school must comply is vast. In addition, public schools must also comply with all the state and local building, fire and safety codes just as the private schools must. Private schools, on the other hand, must observe federal, state and local laws such as annual reports to the IRS, maintenance of state-required attendance, curriculum and safety records and reports, compliance with local building, fire and sanitation codes. There is plenty of regulation, inspection, and review of the operations of both private and public schools. Accreditation Accreditation is generally required for public schools in most states. While accreditation for private schools is optional, most college prep schools seek and maintain accreditation from the major accrediting organizations. The process of peer review is a good thing for both private and public schools. Graduation Rates The rate of public school students graduating high school is actually on the rise since 2005-2006, maxing out at 82% in 2012-2013, with about 66% of students going on to college. A variety of factors come into play which results in that relatively low matriculation rate. The drop-out rate in public schools tends to have a negative effect on matriculation data, and many students who enter into trade careers tend to enroll at public schools rather than private, which decreases the rate of students who go on to college. In private schools, the matriculation rate to college is typically in the 95% and up range. Minority students who attend a private high school are more likely to attend college than minority students who attend public school according to NCES data. The reason why most private high schools do well in this area is that they are generally selective. They will only accept students who can do the work, and they tend to accept students whose goals are to continue in college.   Private schools also offer personalized college counseling programs to help students find the best fit colleges for them.   Cost Funding differs greatly between private and public schools. Public schools are not allowed to charge any tuition fees in most jurisdictions at the elementary level. You will encounter modest fees in high schools. Public schools are funded largely by local property taxes, though many districts also receive funding from state and federal sources. Private schools charge for every aspect of their programs. Fees are determined by market forces. Private school tuition averages about $9,582 per student according to Private School Review. Breaking that down further, private elementary schools tend to be $8,522 a year, while secondary schools average nearly $13,000. The average boarding school tuition, however, is $38,850, according to College Bound. Private schools take no public funding. As a result, they must operate with balanced budgets. Discipline Discipline is handled differently in private schools vs public schools. Discipline in public schools is somewhat complicated because students are governed by due process and constitutional rights. This has the practical effect of making it difficult to discipline students for minor and major infractions of the schools code of conduct. Private school students are governed by the contract which they and their parents sign with the school. It clearly spells out consequences for what the school considers unacceptable behavior. Safety Violence in public schools is a top priority for administrators and teachers. The highly-publicized shootings and other acts of violence which have taken place in public schools have resulted in the application of stringent rules and security measures such as metal detectors to help create and maintain a safe learning environment. Private schools are generally safe places. Access to campuses and buildings is carefully monitored and controlled. Because schools usually have fewer students than a public school, it is easier to supervise the school population. Both private and public school administrators have your childs safety on top of their list of priorities. Teacher Certification There are some  key differences between private and public schools regarding Teacher Certification. For example, public school teachers must be certified by the state in which they are teaching. Certification is granted once statutory requirements such as education courses and teaching practice are met. The certificate is valid for a set number of years and must be renewed. In most states, private school teachers can teach without a teaching certificate. Most private schools prefer teachers to become certified as a condition of employment. Private schools tend to hire teachers with a bachelors or masters degree in their subject.   Article edited by  Stacy Jagodowski

Ideal Society in the Eyes of Locke and Swift Essay

Ideal Society in the Eyes of Locke and Swift - Essay Example It also states that, essentially, the natural state of mankind is anarchic. Anarchy exists anywhere and everywhere, whereever no legitimate government is found. In Chapter 4 ("Of Slavery") Locke justifies slavery, very much like More's Utopia, where slaves are allowed upto a maximum of two per household and they are allowed freedom based on their good behaviour. Thus the concept of an ideal society is comparatively varied in all the works analysed and ironically contain shortcomings that challenge the inherent ideological bias of their authors and the ages to which they belong. Locke's Second Treatise gives the vision of a free community, where all individuals are equal, and most importantly, possessed of natural rights. The notion of property is linked to this concept too. He maintains that men will inevitably want to acquire goods and will come into inevitable conflict. Locke's etymological explanation of "property," lies in his dervation of its meaning that is life, liberty and estate, including one's self. Thus he proposes that a natural law of morality should come to govern them before they enter into a social arena. Here the irony is underlined since Locke realizes that the natural rights must be compromised so as to enter into a social structure. ... But the tricky business is with abiding by these very standards of behavior. The civil society is formed for the rights of the property, and Locke asserts that there is a non-political interest within its members for the state's function is protection and keeping intact the property that belongs to one. If the purpose of government is the protection of property, the latter must exist independently of the former. Thus society must allow this property to become a private property. The people entrust this body of standards or laws with the members of the protectors or the State. But if there is an abuse of power and this body of government ceases to act in the way the people expect, or do not represent the people's ideals, and instead just represent either their selfish needs or some other ideal, there is the possibility of a revolt or rebel. Locke suggests that not only should they rebel but overthrow that government and thereby replace it with people who will represent them better. Taken into fact that Locke was justifying his opposition to Charles II, all these concern seem fitting to his cause of an iconoclasm that he expected out of the people when the government ceases to be the mouthpiece of the people it seeks to protect. Locke's Second Treatise justifies the revolution of King William so as to explain the circumstances, under which the people of the state have ultimate right to raise concern and seek rebellion and replace one government with a better o ne. The idea of an unlimited property and that of a corrupt government are addressed in terms of Governmental intervention; since if the government comes to possess people's property then it

Microsoft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Microsoft - Essay Example r of business organizations compete with Microsoft using an open source commercial model by adjusting and then dispensing open source software to customers at insignificant costs and thus earn revenue on complimentary products and services. Such businesses do not bear the total costs of development and research for the software. Further, advertising-based firms models look for revenue through delivering third party adverts to final consumers who get the software at no direct cost as Microsoft pays for the costs indirectly. Benefits in market acceptance of advertising or open source based software may unfavorably affect the company’s revenue, sales, and operating margins. The total subscription and license costs can vary depending on the available license levels and having a Software Assurance license. Microsoft Company has adapted the Elixir Workflow system, which is rich, web-based settings that that lets Microsoft connect many processes and people into certain business projects or activities. By using this technology, predefined business rules are achieved to get the company on toes. It manages and tracks different tasks linked to a project from distinct actions to approvals. This technology has helped Microsoft to visualize its daily operations and identify areas of productivity advancements. The Elixir Workflow System is configured based on the rights of the users and preferences. This ensures efficiency in production processes and security for the products (Lopatka and Page, 2007) With the use of Elixir, multiple applications can be achieved with only one interface. This provides Microsoft with a flawless approach to interoperability. For precise productivity, the system offers a full set of trading process management operations including decisions and branching, event-driven interactions, and automated activities. Generally, the Elixir Workflow System is a significant technology to Microsoft’s productivity as it integrates various Computer programs

Poverty, Social Exclusion and Discrimination in Wales

Poverty, Social Exclusion and Discrimination in Wales Wales is a diverse country with its own national identity, language and multicultural society, however Wales also has defined issues. Within the following assignment I plan to look at the impact of poverty, discrimination and social exclusion within Wales and the role of the social worker in addressing these issues. I will then explain the role of anti-oppressive practice in creating social inclusion. To understand the impact of poverty, discrimination and social exclusion I need to explain what is meant by these issues. People often think of poverty and social exclusion as a financial issue which affects people who are unemployed living on benefits but in reality it encompasses a far wider range of individuals (The Bevan Foundation 2009). Definitions of poverty, discrimination and social exclusion vary but I think the definition given by European Commission covers the wide spectrum of issues. It states: â€Å"People are said to be living in poverty if their income and resources are so inadequate as to preclude them from having a standard of living considered acceptable in the society in which they live. Because of their poverty they may experience multiple disadvantage through unemployment, low income, poor housing, inadequate health care and barriers to lifelong learning, culture, sport and recreation. They are often excluded and marginalised from participating in activities (economic, social and cultural) that are the norm for other people and their access to fundamental rights may be restricted.† Wales is the poorest country within the United Kingdom, due to the closure of much of its industry causing high unemployment, cuts in public spending, benefit changes and an aging population, it is thought that 600,000 approximately quarter of population live in poverty, even areas which are considered to be affluent are not as rich as many parts of the rest of the United Kingdom (Joseph Rowntree Foundation 2013). The Bevan Foundation defines groups of people within Wales who experience poverty, discrimination and social exclusion, these are ethnic minority groups, women, disabled people, children and young people and older people of pension age. The BBC news and save the children have states one in three children in Wales live in a home earning 60% lower than the average income across the United Kingdom which is  £26000, as a result Wales has some of the poorest families who have stated they regularly go without food to ensure their children are able to eat and are finding it hard to purchase basis such as shoes and a warm winter coat. Some welsh parents on a low income have stated they are regularly stressed about money which impacts on their relationship with their children, this can have lasting effects on the child. Children who grow up poor are more likely to leave school without qualifications, have fewer life experiences, reduced aspiration, restricted ability to get a good job and can lead to lifelong problems with their physical, mental condition leading to shortened lives. Many of these families find themselves in the continual cycle of poverty and social exclusion, for example a child raised in poverty is more l ikely to leave school with low or no qualifications, which reduces employment opportunities available to them, which leads to low income which could lead to them living and bringing up their children in poverty and the cycle begins once again. These issues are then compounded by the discrimination of wider society who often view people living in poverty as ‘scroungers’ living off the state, this fed by the media reporting on people claiming large amounts of benefits and shows such as Benefits Street which the minority of people when the reality many people living in poverty are often working. Poverty and social exclusion can be seen as an issue within large cities, there is a perception that only the rich live in rural areas, but these issues also affect Wales’s large rural areas. Pierson suggests exclusion within rural areas can be seen as an individual matter as people who currently living in poverty often live next door to someone whose home is their second or a multiple cars household, compared with people living in urban areas who live in socially deprived areas where their next door neighbour could be facing the same issues, taking this into account dealing with these issues could be harder to tackle. Pugh states it is often hard to recognising issues of social exclusion, poverty and discrimination within rural areas due to outsiders being unwelcome in smaller communities or due to the geographical areas of individuals. With the withdrawal or consolidation of services many services due to small amounts of people using them, many people are often left socially isolated. Pierson also suggests that people living in rural areas often face higher living expenses and they need to travel longer distances to purchases the basics. Young people living in poverty within rural areas often find themselves with low educational qualifications and a reduced or no opportunities for employment. Shucksmith suggests younger people and older people within rural areas often socialise more than in urban areas which can often influence their views on sexuality and social roles, this can cause discrimination or leave people unable to openly deal with l issues such as sexuality within the local community. Pugh states isolation within rural areas for people with mental health issues is often caused by peoples misunderstanding of their issues which can cause discrimination, people are often left not wanting to engage in communities where these views are present, this is often the views and experiences of homosexual men and women. There is often an assumption within the care sector in Wales that most welsh speakers have the ability to speak English and therefore are able to receive services in English. As a result some areas of social care sector there is little or no provision for services delivered via the medium of welsh. Section one of the code of conduct ‘1.6 states respecting diversity and different cultures and value’ by not providing services for a service user in welsh the social worker is failing to meet the needs of the service user which could result in disempowerment. Welsh Government states in More than Just Words ‘Many service users are very vulnerable, so placing a responsibility on them to ask for services through the medium of Welsh is unfair. It is the responsibility of service providers to meet these care needs. Organisations are expected to mainstream Welsh language services as an integral element of service planning and delivery’. Social workers continually addressing issues cause by social exclusion, discrimination and challenge them sensitively and constructively which is a fundamental part of their role. This is reflected in the code of practice written by the care council of Wales, throughout the code it states people must treat people as individuals and acknowledge peoples beliefs in cultures and values. The care worker must not: 5.5 Discriminate unlawfully or unjustifiably against service users, carers or colleagues 5.6 Condone any unlawful or unjustifiable discrimination by service users, carers or colleagues Thompson states the social worker must understanding and recognise the significance of discrimination and oppression in service users’ lives and circumstances. Discrimination occurs on 3 levels (PSC) which are interlinked, P refers to personal or psychological, this looks at the individual’s thoughts, feelings, attitudes and actions, thoughts about specific groups within society are often based on people’s individual experiences. C refers to someone’s culture which impacts on how people do, think or see things, culture can be very influential on what people see as the ‘norm’ within society. The final letter S refers to Structural levels this is social division and power within society. Honer states the social worker must also understand groups and individuals can face discrimination which can be very different and personal. The role of the social worker is multifunctional dealing with poverty, social exclusion and discrimination with emphasise on a holistic, citizen centred support which empowers people to take control of their lives while promoting social change (International Federation of social workers). Thompson sees empowerment on three different levels Personal, cultural, structural, I think this can also been seen with Dominelli as they state empowerment can be carries out on two levels. The micro level is the work the social worker carries out with the service user enabling them to take control of their lives, and the macro level is the work the social worker carries out within the wider community and challenging social policy by bring issues to the attention of relevant authorities or pressure groups, increasing the social and political power of groups which are oppressed. Unfortunately this can be lost within current targeted directed practice. People are encouraged to achieve their full pote ntial and promotes coping strategies to ensure people succeed. Pierson states when working with service users who are socially excluded, there are 5 building blocks required, maximising income and securing basic resources for service users and their families. The social worker needs to have a good understanding of the current benefits systems and keep up to date with any changes. Strengthening social supports and networks, working in partnership with agencies and local organisations, creating channels of effective participation for service users, local residents and their organisations. Focusing on neighbourhood and community level practice. Dominelli suggests creating power in oppressed groups by bring together people are oppressed by the same issues e.g. single mothers, and giving them the power to speak up together. Social workers have a responsibility of the law. The Equality Act 2010, The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 and the Human Rights Act 1998 are pieces of legislation which a social worker is able to use to address issues of discrimination, including disability, sex, race and religion when services are withheld. Dominelli suggests oppression involves something which divides people into dominant or superior group and subordinate or inferior ones, this can result in the views and contribution of the oppressed being seen as invalid and the movements of the oppressed are often controlled by the dominate party. To address oppression the social worker must work in an anti-oppression way which rejects oppression and the way in which it disables individuals. Anti-oppressive practice holds the view each individual, group or community are diverse, equal and able to achieve their full potential and create social inclusion. To achieve social inclusion the social worker must work in partnership alongside the service user, family, local community and with organisations who are able to provide support, address highlighted needs from a clear assessment process in a holistic manner to empower them using strength based practise. The social worker also needs to create a clear plan with agreed objectives and time scales within a person centred framework with regular reviews. Dalrymple and Burke 2006 state: Anti-oppressive practice is based on the belief that social work should make a difference so that those who have been oppressed may regain control of their lives and re-establish their right to be full and active members of society. While promoting anti-oppressive practice it is important the social workers do not become accepting of any issues they continually deal with as there is a risk of seeing these issues as the norm when dealing with issues over a long period of time. Thompson also states the social worker must be aware of the power which can be held within the role and do not use this inappropriately when dealing with individuals who can be seen as being disadvantaged by their lack of power. The social worker must also ensure they do not reinforce any stereotypes or discriminatory roles such as people with a disability are unable to make choices for themselves or all women are responsible for childcare. As can be seen there are issues which affect Wales, as part of it role the welsh Government has created specific strategies to deal with the economic and social issues which affect Wales, such as The Welsh Government document Tackling Poverty Action Plan 2012-2016 which outlines how the Assembly aim to tackle the issue of poverty. The plan has 3 main areas prevention, helping people into work and Mitigating the impact of poverty. It is the role of the social worker to implement some parts of these strategies and instigate social change by empowering service users. The role of social work within Wales is continually evolving due to changes in Government policy and social change, with the promise of further powers for the Welsh Government the future holds possible further changes to the role.

Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X Essay

Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X are very prominent African American individuals throughout history. â€Å"Malcolm x and Martin Luther king were similar in some ways and different another ways†. Martin Luther king Jr and Malcolm x were similar in many ways for example, martin Luther and Malcolm x were both black. Their fathers were minister’s .they both became minister .they were both national leader they were both arrested. Malcolm x and Martin Luther king wanted to see black people in the best possible position .martin Luther king Jr and Malcolm x were both religious figures that used religious to provide structure morality courage. Determination and unity in black people. Both Malcolm x and martin Luther Jr were fighting for civil rights non-violence. Both X and King spread their message through powerful, hard-hitting speeches. Nevertheless, their intentions were delivered in different styles and purposes. Malcolm X and Martin Luther King are both remembered as l eaders who fought for a difference in black America. Both tried to bring hope to blacks in the United States. They also tried to instill within blacks power and strength so they could rise above all the hatred that surrounded them, but both of them had very different ways of promoting their message and they were both assassinated. Martin Luther king Jr and Malcolm x were different in many ways for example, martin Luther king was a devout Christian, Malcolm x was a Muslim. Martin Luther king wanted to get things accomplished without aggression or violence and Malcolm x did not. Martin Luther king wanted everyone to coexist peacefully and wanted to be counted as equal, Malcolm x wanted there to be a clear segregation of white people and black people In America. King was brought up by a rich black family, with a good education, and a good chance at life. He was a black aristocrat, and a wealthy man. Malcolm X was brought up in the ‘ghetto’, and had to learn to defend himself against racist white children. He was deprived of his father, who was found dead, murdered by a white mob. His mother became mentally ill so he was sent to a foster home. This important because I got to learn many differences and similarities between Martin Luther king Jr and Malcolm x .as a result I’ve learned many things about martin Luther king Jr and Malcolm x that I’ve never learned before.